A Hybrid SVD-Based Image Watermarking Scheme Utilizing Both U and V Orthogonal Vectors for Robustness and Imperceptibility

SVD-based watermarking algorithm is one of the most preferable algorithms for copyright protection due to its singular values (SVs) that have outstanding stability and represents intrinsic algebraic image properties. Hence, there a good trade-off between robustness imperceptibility. However, been tested against conventional attacks, such as manipulations, do not fully exploit adversary’s knowledge. These are vulnerable false-positive problem, where an watermark can be detected in watermarked although it was never inserted. The underlying problem strong influence $U$ notation="LaTeX">$V$ orthogonal vectors SVD on image. In order solve notation="LaTeX">$UV$ used embed together with SVs. this solution ideal hold important structural information hypersensitivity even little change vectors. Therefore, research has objectives analyse existing using then propose new robust able sensitivity issued caused by scaling factor. transform domain scheme utilized both proposed usage Human Visual System (HVS), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) SVD. Experimental results showed more majority types processing geometrical attacks compared schemes while achieving quality level. significance comes at right time during Covid-19 epidemic organizations involving business financial services assured integrity downloadable/streamable/shareable digital files, which copyrighted through unique features ensuring piracy prevention their content.